Placer diamond mining, also known as "sand-bank mining" (top of page, right) is used for extracting diamonds and minerals from alluvial, eluvial, and or colluvial secondary deposits, and is a derivative form of open-cast mining used to extract minerals from the surface of the earth without the use of tunneling. Excavation is accomplished using water pressure (hydraulic mining), mechanized surface excavating equipment, or hand digging (artisanal mining).
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